Anna15 hat geschrieben:Ich habe da was interessantes aufgeschnappt:
http://diepresse.com/home/politik/ausse ... kt-TuerkeiDie vier ranghöchsten Befehlshaber der zweitgrößten Nato-Armee waren am Freitagabend kollektiv zurückgetreten: Generalstabschef Işık Koşaner, der Kommandant der Landstreitkräfte, Erdal Ceylanoglu, Marinechef Esref Ugur Yigit und Luftwaffenchef Hasan Aksay protestierten damit gegen die Inhaftierung von rund 250 Offizieren, denen Verschwörung gegen Erdoğans Regierung zur Last gelegt wird. ...
Mittlerweile befinden sich mehr als vierzig aktive Generäle in Haft, fast ein Zehntel der türkischen Befehlshaber. Laut Medienberichten beantragte am Freitag ein Staatsanwalt, der einem weiteren angeblichen Armee-Komplott auf der Spur ist, die Festnahme von 22 Beschuldigten, darunter einem hochrangigen Befehlshaber.
Am 09.08.2010 berichtete die BBC: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10914065
Turkey names new military chiefs after row
Turkish Generals Ilker Basbug (left), and Isik Kosaner, pictured in August 2008 Isik Kosaner (right) is to be the new armed forces chief of staff
Turkey's government has appointed generals to two top posts, ending a stand-off with the military.
General Isik Kosaner will be the new overall head of the Turkish armed forces, while General Erdal Ceylanoglu becomes head of land forces.
The government had vetoed the army's original choice for head of land forces after allegations of a coup plot.
The military has agreed not to promote a number of senior officers implicated in the alleged 2003 plot.
After it made the concession, arrest warrants against 102 military officers named in the case were annulled.
Seit August 2010 - also gerade mal 1 Jahr, waren die zurückgetretenen Militärs Führer der Landstreitkräfte, der Marine und der Luftwaffe.
Im Januar und Februar 2010 gab es eine Verhaftungswelle und Anfang dieses Jahres die Anklage gegen 196 Angehörige des Militärs, die angeblich 2003/2004 in einen Putschversuch gegen die Regierung verwickelt war. Es soll sich dabei um ein Planspiel gehandelt haben. Nach der Nominierung der neuen Militärspitze wurde die Anklage gegen 102 Offiziere fallen gelassen.
Nun wurden nochmals über 300 Personen verhaftet.
Am 29.01.2010 gab es dieses Wikileaks-cable: http://wikileaks.org/cable/2010/01/10ANKARA150.html
None of the alleged plots involve a direct military takeover
The last "successful" coup -- in 1980
-- occurred in response to a massive breakdown of public
order as armed political, ethnic and criminal gangs engaged
in violent attacks. The core accusation in these current
scenarios is the allegation that the military this time would
foment the violence themselves, blaming radical, Islamic and
other groups, and then step in to "restore order" after the
government fails to do so. End Comment.)
Es ging bei diesen Planspielen nicht um eine Machtübernahme durch das Militär, sondern eher um Aktionen wie sie bei uns unter "Gladio" bekannt sind (also Anschläge verüben und sie dem politischen Gegner in die Schuhe schieben).
(C) Another common theme is that all the allegations put
the military in an almost impossible position of having to
prove a negative -- that it did not engage in the planning
actions alleged by the media reports -- to a public, some
parts of whom are increasingly suspicious of the military
with each new claim. While we may never know the extent to
which each of these allegations are true, it is clear from
statements by former Turkish General Staff Chief Gen. Ozkok
that, at the very least, there was serious consideration
given within the military in 2003 to 2004 to overthrow the AKP-led
government.
gemäß dem ehemaligen Militärchef General Ozkok (dessen Ermordung wohl auch geplant wurde), hätte es aber zwischen 2003 und 2004 ernsthafte Überlegungen gegeben, die Erdogan-Regierung zu stürzen. Was aber nicht passiert ist. Nun soll das Militär also beweisen, dass sie nicht begehen wollten was sie nicht begangen haben.
¶5. (C) The series of allegations has been eroding the
public's confidence in the military. While the military
still enjoys strong support among the public -- one poll by
Genar Polling in November 2009 indicated that 80.6 percent of
those surveyed viewed the military as the institution that
inspires most confidence, 15 points above the presidency,
which came in second -- this support has slipped. A poll
conducted by A&G Polling in January indicated that while
public support for the military was around 90 percent before
the Ergenekon investigations began, public support has
dropped to 63.4 percent. Ipsos KMG also published a poll in
early January indicating the trust in the military had
declined from 85 to 90 percent before the Ergenekon
allegations, to 73 percent in late 2009. Another poll
conducted in early January by Turkish polling firm MetroPoll,
before the "Sledgehammer" story broke, found that 30 percent
of respondents in the January poll indicated that their trust
in the military has decreased. 55 percent of respondents
also believed that "there is a group within the military
which is preparing to stage a coup," a rise of 7 percent from
July 2009 figures. Despite the decreasing confidence in the
military indicated by one of three respondents, 62 percent of
respondents did not believe that the military would stage
another coup.
Das Militär hat in der türkischen Bevölkerung an Ansehen verloren, das Ansehen ist aber immer noch sehr hoch.
¶6. (C) Secularists who question the motives of the AKP and
the timing of each new coup plot allegation are convinced
that most of the claims are a combination of fabrication and
manipulation of actual military documents and that there is a
systematic campaign to erode the trust of the military. TGS
chief Basbug has led this charge, calling the series of media
stories an "asymmetric attack" targeting the Turkish Armed
Forces. Even as he denounced the media reports, however,
Basbug has also clearly committed the military to supporting
democracy and the rule of law and has stated that the era of
coups in Turkey is over (ref. b).
Die Sekularisten (sowas wie Freidenker), selber auch von der Verhaftungswelle betroffen, stellen die Motive der AKP in Frage und sind überzeugt, dass viele Anschuldigungen nur eine Kombination aus Fabrikation und Manipulation der aktuellen Militärdokumente sind und das es sich um eine sytematische Kampagne handelt, die das Vertrauen in das Militär erodieren soll. Wahrscheinlich aber geht es nicht nur um das Militär.
Gemäß İlker Başbuğ, bis August 2010 türkischer Generalstabschef, hat das türkische Militär immer die Demokratie und das Gesetz unterstützt.
Comment: Stage is Set for Constitutional Reform
--------------------------------------------- --
¶7. (C) With the Constitutional Court's unanimous decision to
overturn a law extending civilian jurisdiction over military
personnel for crimes including coup plotting (ref c), the
government has announced that it plans to seek a referendum
to change Turkey's constitution to affect this change. Many
of the other possible constitutional reforms being considered
by the government -- such as changing the structure of the
Constitutional Court and limiting clauses often used to
justify the prosecution of nationalist Kurds and Islamist
politicians -- would attract the opposition of the military
and its political supporters. The apparent rise in distrust
among the Turkish populace toward the military, particularly
after "Sledgehammer," which allegedly would have targeted
average Turks in an arbitrary manner, could work to the AKP's
advantage as it looks to further shift the balance of power
in civ-mil relations through constitutional reforms, although
AKP,s own standing is greatly diminished from only one year
ago.
Der Fall könnte also zu einer Änderung in der türkischen Verfassung führen und somit weniger Macht für das Militär bedeuten, dass in dieser Verfassung eine besondere Rolle spielt.
COUP DIARIES AND ALLEGED PLOTS
------------------------------
¶8. (SBU) Excerpts of diary entries dating back to 2003 and
2004 allegedly belonging to then-Naval Forces Commander
Admiral Ozden Ornek were first published by the weekly
"Nokta" in 2007 (Comment: The magazine was closed shortly
after it published these documents. End Comment). The diary
entries -- popularly known as the "Coup Diaries" -- laid out
in detail discussions among senior military officers of steps
the military needed to take to unseat the Islamist-leaning
Justice and Development Party, which came to power in 2002.
"Sarikiz" ("Blondie") was the initial coup plan developed by
then-Jandarma Commander General Eruygur, which involved a
coordinated effort among the military and other elements of
Turkey's secular elite, to effect the removal of the AKP from
power. The plot allegedly had the support of all the other
force commanders at the time (Land Forces Commander General
Aytac Yalman, Air Forces Commander General Ibrahim Firtina,
and Naval Forces Commander Admiral Ornek). Then-Turkish
General Staff (TGS) Chief General Hilmi Ozkok reportedly
rejected the coup proposal, which led Eruygur and former
First Army Commander General Hursuit Tolon to develop other
plots entitled "Ayisigi" ("Moonlight") and "Yakamoz"
("Phosphorescence"), which provided operational details of a
coup that would involve the removal of General Ozkok and the
restructuring of the military. Other related plans related
to the plot with code names "Eldiven" ("Glove") and
"Demiryumruk" ("Iron Fist") reportedly provided more details
about steps to be taken in the aftermath of a successful coup.
Es gab ausser Sledgehammer (der ursprüngliche Nama war Sarikiz) noch weitere Planspiele, mit Namen Ayisigi, Yakamoz, Eldiven und Demiryumruk und Kafes. Die Zeitung, die die Details veröffentlichte, wurde danach geschlossen.
¶9. (SBU) These plots were included in the Ergenekon
prosecutors' second indictment in March 2009, and provided
the legal basis for the detention of retired generals Eruygur
and Tolon (who were initially arrested in July 2008 and were
detained without formal charges until the release of the
indictment). Eruygur has been identified as the alleged head
of Ergenekon while Tolon is considered a leading member.
Retired force commanders Firtina, Ornek, and Yalman were
interviewed by Ergenekon prosecutors in early December 2009,
but have not been charged; Firtina publicly denied
involvement in any coup plots. According to press accounts,
General Ozkok acknowledged during testimony to Ergenekon
prosecutors in April 2009 that most of the contents of the
"coup diaries" were true and that he was aware of plans to
overthrow the government among elements within the military
but did not have hard evidence to move against the plotters.
Die AKP möchte das Militär und diese Planspiele mit Ergenekon in Verbindung bringen:
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon
Die stets neuen Verhaftungswellen, von denen in weiten Teilen hoch geachtete Persönlichkeiten wie Ahmet Şık oder Nedim Şener betroffen waren, die kritisch zur AKP stehen, aber dennoch frei von jeglicher Zugehörigkeit zu Ergenekon sind und die mit monate- und jahrelangen Haftstrafen ohne Anklage bestraft wurden, haben dieses Verfahren zunehmend in Misskredit gebracht. Seit langem gibt es Zweifel, ob die Ergenekon-Ermittlungen nicht längst ein Instrument der Machthaber sind, um ihre Gegner einzuschüchtern. Der einzige gemeinsame Punkt der Angeklagten ist mittlerweile, dass sie entweder der Regierung, einer religiösen Vereinigung oder dem Ergenekon-Verfahren kritisch gegenüberstehen. Angeklagt werden Leute wie der Oberstaatsanwalt Ilhan Cihaner, der als Erster Menschenrechtsverletzungen des Militärs im Zusammenhang mit der Bekämpfung der PKK nachging.
Bisher habe ich mich nie für türkische Politik interessiert. Das läßt aber dann doch sehr tief blicken, in die türkische Regierung. Wenn jetzt also dazu noch die neue Militärspitze zurücktritt und Generäle und Offiziere verhaftet wurden, die man letztes Jahr noch nicht im Verdacht hatte - trotz all der Beweise, die die Regierung mit Sicherheit gründlich studiert hat - dann ist da irgendwas ganz schön im Argen in der Türkei.
Jedenfalls scheint es momentan einen drastischen Mangel an Führungskräften in der türkischen Armee zu geben, wenn man die so massenweise seit Jahren verhaftet.
